Human resource management operates in an open environment. So, it is affected by internal and external changes in the environmental forces. It operates in a dynamic environment; hence, the change may create opportunities as well as threats for the organization. The main issue behind human resource management challenges is the emerging trends in the organizational environment and policies/procedures to encounter such issues to achieve organizational objectives. The ever changing external and internal environment poses a variety of challenges to human resource management. The primary concern of it is how to deal with people in the organization. Due to this ever changing socio-economic, technological and political condition, the HR managers shall have to face more problems in future in the management of work force.These challenges can be studied under three dimensions as follows:
1. Environmental Challenges
Environmental challenges refer to forces and institutions that are beyond the access of management. These forces are external to the organization, and beyond the control of management. Hence, the managers face difficulties in managing such environmental issues. Environmental challenges consist of the following factors:
* Globalization Movement
* Change In Economic Outlook
* Change In Political Environment
* Change In Socio-cultural Environment
* Change In Technological Environment
2. Organizational Challenges
Organizational challenges are internal to the firm, often they are the by-product of environmental challenges.The management has control over these issues and can be managed by efficient management. Moreover, under organizational challenges we review the components of specific environment of the company. It consists of the following aspects:
* Work Force Diversity
* Organizational Objectives
* Downsizing
* Business Process Re-engineering
* Decentralization
* Management Of Human Relation
* Computerized Information System
3. Individual Challenges
These forces are related to the personnel aspect of the organization. It includes all the complexities that are raised due to organizational interaction with people. These are similar to the organizational challenges but are primarily concerned with the individual. Some of its components are as follows:
* Brain Drain
* Individual Norms And Values
* Mobility Of Professional personnel between organizations
* Aspirations Of Employees